Economics is one of the most scoring subjects in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science syllabus. For the academic year 2025–26, the CBSE Board has slightly updated its exam pattern and marking scheme to emphasize concept-based and competency-based questions. Hence, understanding the important questions for Class 10 Economics is essential for students aiming to score high marks in the board examination.
This article provides a chapter-wise list of important questions and answers from the Class 10 Economics NCERT Book, based on the latest CBSE 2025–26 syllabus. It covers short answer, long answer, and case-based questions to help students prepare effectively.
🧾 Overview: Class 10 Economics (2025–26)
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Subject | Social Science (Economics Section) |
| Board | Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) |
| Academic Session | 2025–26 |
| Total Marks | 20 Marks (Economics) |
| Exam Type | Theory (80 Marks) + Internal Assessment (20 Marks) |
| Textbook | Understanding Economic Development (NCERT) |
| No. of Units | 5 Chapters |
The five chapters included in the Class 10 Economics syllabus are:
Development
Sectors of the Indian Economy
Money and Credit
Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Consumer Rights
📚 Chapter 1 – Development
Important Short Answer Questions
What do you mean by development?
Development means improvement in people’s living standards, income, education, and access to basic amenities such as health, food, and housing.State two differences between developed and developing countries.
Developed countries have high per capita income, while developing countries have low per capita income.
Developed nations offer better healthcare, education, and social security systems.
Why is per capita income not the only criterion for development?
Because it does not reflect inequalities in income distribution, education, or health facilities within a country.
Long Answer / Case-Based Questions
Explain the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components.
HDI measures development based on three indicators: per capita income, literacy rate, and life expectancy. It helps compare the quality of life across countries.‘Sustainable development is the key to future growth.’ Justify.
Sustainable development ensures that economic progress does not compromise environmental resources, enabling future generations to meet their needs.
📊 Chapter 2 – Sectors of the Indian Economy
Important Short Answer Questions
Name the three sectors of the Indian economy and give one example each.
Primary: Agriculture
Secondary: Manufacturing
Tertiary: Banking and Transport
Differentiate between the organized and unorganized sectors.
Organized sector workers enjoy job security and fixed wages.
Unorganized sector workers lack job stability, benefits, or social security.
What is disguised unemployment?
When more people are employed than necessary, it’s disguised unemployment (common in agriculture).
Long Answer / Analytical Questions
Discuss the importance of the tertiary sector in India.
The tertiary sector contributes the most to India’s GDP, provides services like IT, transport, banking, and education, and supports growth in other sectors.How can employment be increased in rural areas?
Promote rural industries.
Improve irrigation facilities.
Encourage self-employment through government schemes like MGNREGA.
💰 Chapter 3 – Money and Credit
Important Short Answer Questions
What are the modern forms of money?
Cheques, debit cards, digital transfers, and demand deposits are modern forms of money replacing traditional coins and notes.What is credit?
Credit is an agreement where the lender provides money or goods to the borrower, expecting repayment in the future with interest.Differentiate between formal and informal sources of credit.
Formal: Banks, cooperatives (regulated by RBI).
Informal: Moneylenders, traders (not regulated).
Long Answer / Case-Based Questions
Why are formal sources of credit better than informal ones?
Formal sources charge lower interest rates and follow legal guidelines, whereas informal sources often exploit borrowers.Explain the role of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
RBI regulates the banking system, issues currency, and ensures monetary stability by controlling credit flow and interest rates.
🌍 Chapter 4 – Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Important Short Answer Questions
What is globalisation?
Globalisation refers to the integration of domestic economies with the world through trade, investment, and technology exchange.Define liberalisation.
Liberalisation is the process of removing government restrictions on trade and business operations.How do multinational corporations (MNCs) affect local industries?
MNCs bring investment and employment but may harm small industries through intense competition.
Long Answer / Analytical Questions
Discuss the positive and negative impacts of globalisation on India.
Positive: Increased foreign investment, job creation, access to global markets.
Negative: Unequal benefits, loss of local businesses, and labour exploitation.
What steps can the government take to ensure fair globalisation?
Support small producers.
Strengthen labour laws.
Ensure equitable trade policies.
🛒 Chapter 5 – Consumer Rights
Important Short Answer Questions
Who is a consumer?
A consumer is a person who buys goods or services for personal use and not for resale.What is the Consumer Protection Act, 2019?
It protects consumers against unfair trade practices and establishes consumer courts at district, state, and national levels.What are the six consumer rights?
Right to Safety
Right to Information
Right to Choose
Right to be Heard
Right to Seek Redressal
Right to Consumer Education
Long Answer / Case-Based Questions
Explain the role of consumer courts.
Consumer courts resolve disputes between consumers and sellers by ensuring fair compensation and justice.What is the importance of consumer awareness?
Awareness empowers consumers to identify fraud, demand quality, and make informed purchasing decisions.
📘 CBSE Class 10 Economics Exam Pattern (2025–26)
| Type of Questions | No. of Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple Choice / Objective | 15 | 15 |
| Short Answer (2 Marks each) | 4 | 8 |
| Long Answer (3–5 Marks each) | 5 | 25 |
| Case-Based / Source Questions | 2 | 12 |
| Total | 26 Questions | 60 Marks (Theory) |
The remaining 20 marks are awarded through internal assessments, which include periodic tests, map work, notebook submissions, and projects.
🧠 Preparation Tips for CBSE Class 10 Economics
Read NCERT thoroughly — Questions in the board exam are primarily based on NCERT content.
Practice case-based questions — These assess application and analytical skills.
Prepare notes for definitions, diagrams, and data points.
Revise economic terms and real-life examples (GDP, MNCs, HDI, inflation).
Solve PYQs (Previous Year Questions) and CBSE sample papers.
🏁 Conclusion
The CBSE Class 10 Economics 2025–26 syllabus focuses on conceptual clarity, real-world understanding, and application-based learning. Students should focus on chapter-wise key concepts and NCERT questions, as well as practice sample papers regularly.
By mastering the important questions listed above, students can confidently attempt the board exam and score high marks in the Economics section of Social Science.
