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What Are Assertion-Reasoning Questions?
Assertion-reasoning questions are higher-order thinking questions where students are presented with two statements:
Assertion (A): A fact or statement.
Reason (R): A statement that attempts to explain the assertion.
Students are then required to determine the correct relationship between the two.
The answer usually has four options:
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
These questions test concept clarity, analytical thinking, and reasoning ability—skills that go beyond rote learning.
Importance of Assertion-Reasoning in CBSE Class 10 Exams 2025
Higher Weightage – Assertion-reasoning questions are included in the competency-based questions section of Class 10 exams, which carry 30%–40% marks.
Conceptual Understanding – These questions ensure students have deep clarity rather than just memorization.
Preparation for Competitive Exams – Solving such questions prepares students for future exams like NEET, JEE, and UPSC, where reasoning-based questions are common.
CBSE Class 10 Assertion-Reasoning – Subject-wise Examples with Solutions
Here are some sample assertion-reasoning questions from Maths, Science, and Social Science, along with solutions for practice.
CBSE Class 10 Science Assertion-Reasoning Questions 2025
Q1.
Assertion (A): Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Reason (R): Metals contain free electrons that can move easily.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
✅ Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.
Q2.
Assertion (A): In a parallel circuit, the total resistance decreases.
Reason (R): Current divides through each branch inversely proportional to the resistance.
✅ Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.
🔹 CBSE Class 10 Maths Assertion-Reasoning Questions 2025
Q1.
Assertion (A): The sum of the first n natural numbers is given by n(n+1)2.
Reason (R): The formula is derived by pairing numbers from both ends of the sequence.
✅ Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
Q2.
Assertion (A): The probability of getting a head when a coin is tossed is 1.
Reason (R): A coin has only one head.
✅ Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
🔹 CBSE Class 10 Social Science Assertion-Reasoning Questions 2025
Q1.
Assertion (A): The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885.
Reason (R): It was formed to represent the interests of farmers in rural India.
✅ Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Q2.
Assertion (A): Democracy ensures equality in society.
Reason (R): In a democracy, every citizen has the right to vote irrespective of caste, gender, or religion.
✅ Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
How to Prepare for Assertion-Reasoning Questions in Class 10
Here are some effective tips for mastering assertion-reasoning questions:
Understand Concepts Thoroughly – Focus on NCERT textbooks, as most assertion-reasoning questions are directly based on them.
Practice Past Papers – Solve previous years’ CBSE papers and sample papers to get familiar with question patterns.
Analyze Options Carefully – Read both the assertion and reason independently before matching them.
Eliminate Wrong Choices – Use elimination to rule out incorrect statements.
Focus on Keywords – Words like always, never, only, must are often traps in reasoning questions.
Download CBSE Class 10 Assertion-Reasoning Question Bank 2025 (PDF)
Students can download subject-wise question banks with solutions for free from CBSE and other reliable sources. These PDFs provide additional practice before the exam.
Steps to Download PDF:
Visit the official CBSE academic website: cbseacademic.nic.in.
Go to Question Bank / Sample Papers 2025 section.
Select Class 10 → Subject (Maths, Science, Social Science).
Download the Assertion-Reasoning Questions PDF with solutions.
Save for offline practice.
Benefits of Practicing Assertion-Reasoning Questions
Boosts conceptual clarity.
Improves logical and analytical skills.
Enhances time management during exams.
Helps score higher in competency-based sections.
Reduces exam stress by making students confident in application-based questions.
Final Thoughts
The inclusion of assertion-reasoning questions in CBSE Class 10 Exams 2025 reflects the board’s focus on competency-based education. These questions test not just memory but also the ability to analyze, reason, and apply concepts.
Students preparing for Maths, Science, and Social Science exams must give special attention to such questions and practice from NCERT, CBSE sample papers, and question banks. By mastering assertion-reasoning, students can significantly improve their overall exam performance and gain a competitive edge.
With consistent practice and smart preparation, tackling assertion-reasoning questions will become easier and more rewarding for Class 10 aspirants.
